KRISTAL DALE F. CORPUZ – Student ID: 6536448

1. How the mosquito can transmit the pathogen?
Not all species of mosquito transmit a pathogen, but in order to do so, a mosquito should be a susceptible arthropod (insect). Inside the mosquito, the parasite’s oocysts develop in the gut until the sporozoites transfer to the salivary gland. Through biological transmission or when the mosquito bites, the sporozoites (infective stage) will be injected into the human (intermediate host) where it will continue its developmental stages. The pattern of pathogen transmission can be identified as (a) vertical – from adult vector to egg, (b) horizontal – from biting host 1 to host 2, and (c) venereal – through mating of vector.

2. What tool and how to determine the malaria transmission?
Vector surveillance is a useful tool or method in gathering information regarding (for example) the malaria transmission. Through this method, observations will be made considering the mosquito biting behavior, biting frequency profile, adult and larval mosquito capture, and cases of malaria incidence. Aside from the principle and importance of the vectorial capacity, the EIR and IRR can also be used as indicators in understanding and monitoring the risk of transmission in a given area.