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TMID 607-07
lecture power point questions
Ques: 1. How do you rebuild after such destruction?
Ques: 2. What kind of reservoir host and vector?
Ans: 1. The national government has responsible for planning to rebuild after large scale disaster like Tsunami, and it will take quite long time, however, it should divide urgent action plan, 1-5 year action plan and decade action plan, may be. Obviously, those kind of disaster has gigantic amount of destruction and take time to restore normal situation. Among them, urgent action or short term action plan is the most important because this action plan could save our community from devastating infectious diseases. During this time, the government, focus on vector control, diseases control, disaster risk reduction and safe food and water supply. This plan aim 1) to prevent food and water-borne diseases by vectors, 2) to prevent water-borne diseases by using prevention methods, e.g boiling, chlorination, 3) to reduce incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases, 4) to back up economy, livelihoods and infrastructure. In real situation, government cannot stand alone and coorporation of international NGOs, local NGOs, stakeholders from different sectors, local community and each and every sector from government is substantial. Moreover, for each individual in the community should know how to deal with the aftermath of Tsunami. They need to know how to check food and water supply in safe ways, how to collect information about injured peoples, visible damages and any potential thread such as electrocution, gas, sewage leakage, etc.,Ans 2: Without disaster, Vector-borne diseases account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases, causing more than 700 000 deaths annually (According WHO data). Link with Answer No 1, we, government focus on infrastructure and communicable disease control, On the other hand, the vectors, parasites, viruses, bacteria, etc., are doing their work to harm enormous amount of people at the same time. This is another story of after disaster happened. Flood, contamination of drinking water, community stay in camp and become crowded, that will lead to vector borne diseases within short period of time and outbreak either. Natural disasters, particularly rapid-onset disasters, pose various risks to public health, including emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. Many people are risk of diarrhea, dengue, malaria, filariasis, Chikungunya, leishmaniasis, JBE etc.,
Human (community especially, under 5 children, malnourished children, elder people and immunosuppressant patients), animals and environment can all be reservoirs for microorganisms. The common vectors are mosquitoes, ticks, flies, bugs, fleas and lice. -
Que: 1. What is the importance of this study?
Que: 2. What is the transmission route of Angiostrongylus sp. (from this study)?
Que: 3. What are the factors needed to successfully help the houseflies in the process of disease transmission?Ans: 1. The important finding of this study is our community can be infected with angiostrongyliasis without taking any infected second intermediate hosts, and the best way of prevention is health education to the community about appropriate sanitation, hygienic food-preparation practices, and the prevention of food contamination by flies and other insects and avoid raw and undercooked meats.
Ans: 2. Mostly, transmission of disease based on epidemiological triad agent, host, environment. Transmission in this study is also the same way, agent is houseflies, host is community in that areas and environment are eating place canteen, living room, corridors and other supportive conditions such as uncovered garbage cans. These infected flies (vectors) lived in our environment and rest in our properties, our food and on our body. The infectious agents (infective larvae) are left on food and our hand after they fly away. They come and go alternatively and transmission cycle rotate rhythmically.
Ans: 3. As Answer No 2, supportive factors for houseflies in the process of disease transmission are uncovered garbage can, untidy floor and kitchen, human behavior (personal hygiene) in the Provincial area. On the other hand, flies feeding on dead, infected snails/slugs (intermediate hosts), as well as other hosts, such as crabs/prawns, or the slime from snails and slugs in the forest and costal areas.
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Dear Ajan Rutcharin,
Sorry for late reply on your questions, as I said yesterday, I’ve got student email account a week ago and I have received the information about username and password of TM online account this morning (24.2.2023 10:50AM). As soon as I activate TM online account and answer all of your question. I hope you understand the situation and forgive me.
I warmly welcome and happy to see your comments later.
Thank you for your great lecture and waiting our answers patiently.
Dr.Min
6538214 TMTM/D -
Q.1. What is the importance of this study?
Answer; According to the previous data, Angiostrongylus sp. was known to transmit by consuming the raw or improperly cooked land snails that containing infective larvae. The study indicated that houseflies can be a transport host of Angiostrongylus spp. Thus, humans may become infected with angiostrongyliasis without consuming infected, second intermediate hosts due to the houseflies. For prevention, community health education about the prevention of food contamination of flies is as important as proper sanitation and hygienic preparation practices.Q.2. What is the transmission route of Angiostrongylus sp. (from this study)?
Answer; For transmission route, agent is Angiostrongylus sp., definitive and intermediate hosts are snails and slugs, and the houseflies are transport host.
For life cycle, the environment of the study area is a good habitat for definitive and intermediate host. Living area and the waste area are closed, and there is a poor practice on food waste disposal occurred. The houseflies fed on dead, infected snails and slugs, or slime of them. And also on the other paratenic hosts such as crabs and prawns. Then the houseflies rested on the floor and wall of the canteen and camp.And, rested and fed on the food.The people can be infected by eating this contaminated food. Poor waste disposal practice such as uncovered bin are the supporting factor for this condition.3. What are the factors needed to successfully help the houseflies in the process of disease transmission?
Answer; The factors needed will be as follows- (1) the environment of the study area, houseflies can rest and fed on the slime and dead remains of snails and slugs which are abundance in this area. (2) Site plan of the area, canteen and kitchen are close to each other, (3) poor waste disposal practice, such as uncovered bins, and (4) poor food maintaining practices- such as food are not covered properly, and (5) poor food handling and preparation practices- utensils, and floors and walls are not clean properly.
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